The Ongoing Blackout
Iran's internet blackout has surpassed the two-week mark, according to connectivity monitor Netblocks. This extended outage is a deliberate government tactic to control information and quell potential unrest.
Amid this crisis, various methods are being employed to maintain communication.
Radio Waves and Phone Calls
Radio Zamaneh, a nonprofit based in Amsterdam, has initiated shortwave broadcasts, offering a nightly Farsi news program. Shortwave signals are challenging to jam, providing a reliable source of information.
International landline calls are another avenue, albeit expensive and often brief. These calls primarily serve as a lifeline for families to check on each other's well-being.
VPNs and Encryption
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are widely used to encrypt internet traffic, but they can't create connections where none exist. However, specialized tools from companies like Psiphon and Lantern offer enhanced capabilities, allowing tech-savvy Iranians to bypass restrictions.
The use of VPNs comes with risks, as authorities have sent warning messages to suspected users. Despite this, these services remain crucial for those seeking information and connection.
Innovative Solutions: Toosheh and Starlink
Toosheh, a 'filecasting' technology, uses satellite TV equipment to broadcast encrypted data. Users can record and decrypt the data, sharing it across households. This method provides a secure and covert way to access information.
Starlink, the satellite internet service owned by Elon Musk, was utilized during protests to disseminate information. While expensive and scarce, it has proven effective in bypassing government censorship.
However, using these services carries significant risks. Amnesty International reports arrests and raids targeting individuals with Starlink devices, with potential penalties ranging from imprisonment to the death penalty.
As the blackout persists, Iranians navigate a complex landscape, balancing the need for information with the dangers of government surveillance and censorship."